In ancient times, when feudal rites were oppressed, "the parents of the body were skinned" and "the deceased was great", no matter what the purpose of the anatomical behavior, were denied by the world.But the ancients' research on the inside of the body has never stopped, the five elements of yin and yang, the five luck and six qi, the five internal organs, the five qi and five glory, and the prohibition of the law has spawned more secret anatomy.To this day, the criminal method of the movie "Detective Chinatown 2" is still to dissect and take organs, and Chinese culture has gone out to affect white Americans.
The origin of anatomical behavior
Ancient: Hunting→ slaughtering or dissecting animals
Feudal period: Sacrifice→ muscles and internal organs (from animals, slaves and prisoners of war) were the most important sacrifices
II. Anatomy and Oracle
Who would have thought dissecting a corpse would be a way to make words? With the Seek truth from facts attitude, the pictogram needs to be obtained through physical observation and imitation. As for the internal organs, uh, let's open them up and have a look. But like Averrhoa carambola, who was drawn by children in a primary school text, the characters created by the creators of the script, for example in the oracle-bone script "Shi Lin Shi Xin", are biased by the location of their observations, there are six different ways to write the word"Heart", but I guess there is no such thing as this.
I guess I was wrong about that last sentence. Do you remember who taught you to paint the..?
Third, the earliest source of "anatomy" in the Chinese medicine classics
春秋战国时期，《灵枢·经水》记载：“若夫八尺之士，皮肉在此，外可度量切循而得之。其死，可解剖而视之。其脏之坚脆，腑之大小，谷之多少，脉之长短，血之清浊……皆有大数。”
The earliest anatomists of the human body
西汉时期，司马迁著《史记·扁鹊仓公列传》：“臣闻上古之时，医有俞跗，治病不以汤液醴酒，镵石挢引，案扤毒熨。一拔见病之应，因五脏之输，乃割皮解肌，诀脉结筋，搦髓脑，揲荒爪幕，湔浣肠胃，漱涤五脏，练精易形。”
Cut the skin to dissect the muscle → tie the tendon in the vein (ligate the blood vessels and deal with the ligaments)→ draw the curtain of the Claw (open the pleura and peritoneum)
这个记载能看出什么呢？解剖的程序有模有样的，反正是把我这个外行人给唬住了，那就说明汉代之前，中国的解剖技术已经成熟了。
5. Representative anatomical activities
The ancient prohibition of dissection
In Southern Dynasties, a man named Tang Chi vomited more than 20 small insects before he died. He asked his wife to perform an autopsy on him. Unfortunately, his wife and son were sentenced.
The "Legend of Nanshi Gu Yan" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties recorded: "Tang Zhi of Pei County Xiang County went to the Peng family in Bicun to drink more, and because of illness, he spat more than 20 things.Zhi's wife Zhang Congzhi said on his deathbed, and after his death, he kissed the sword belly, and his five internal organs were crushed.The county took Zhang Ren to do the section, gave the son deputy but did not forbid, on the wife and hurt the husband, Wuzang punishment, the son did not filial to his parents, and the son abandoned the city.Not a scientific case. ”
7. The dissecter and the dissected
Dissecters: imperial doctor, shang fang (people who make various instruments for the ruler), butcher, torturer (Manchu Qing Ten tortures, hiss, cautious), tomb thieves
Professional special case: When talking about anatomy today, we subconsciously think of forensic medicine (PS: "Forensic Qin Ming" chicken feet to understand), but ancient servants can not dissect corpses, they can only rely on a strong knowledge base and careful investigation, according to the symptoms of corpses to judge the cause of death, such as the TV series "Great Song Ti Criminal Officer" protagonist Song Ci, in 1247 wrote the world's earliest forensic science monograph "
Custom exceptions: Tibetan compatriots of the sky burial customs, that is, after death to take the body to the designated location for vultures (or other birds, beasts, etc.) devour, the Tibetan people have more opportunities to learn about human structure and human anatomy.
被解剖者：尸体
No, the one above is too hasty, let's start over.
奴隶、战犯、叛徒、犯人，以及被盗墓贼盯上的尸体（有规矩的摸金校尉表示不背这个锅）
八、不得不说的王清任与《医林改错》
Wang Qingren, Qing dynasty, a good doctor, skilled in medical skills, good at research, found that the ancient books for the internal organs of the record is wrong, strong professionalism and strong desire to know that he embarked on, uh, the search for internal organs journey.
以下内容相传为清代医学家王清任自述：他在30岁那年，正在河北滦洲稻地镇行医，当时小儿温疫流行，每天有病孩被夺去生命。在穷人以席代棺的义家墓地，王清任每天清晨都去观看犬食之余的小儿尸体，十天之中，约看了二、三十具完整的儿尸，可惜的是他始终没有见到横隔膜。以后在奉天和北京，他又3次去刑场察看尸体。在没有尸体供解剖研究用时，他就饲养家畜做比较解剖实验。他是我国解剖史上第一个做动物解剖实验的医学家。然而，他还是没有看到人的膈膜形态、位置，很不甘心。有一次，他出诊看病，偶然遇见一个亲眼见过横膈膜的人，王清任大喜过望，虚心求教，终于弄清了横膈膜的位置。
In 1830, Wang Qingren compiled and drew a map of internal organs based on clinical experience, the book "Medical Forest Correction of Errors", of which a total of 25 maps were published.Correcting the mistakes of predecessors and adding personal innovations has added a precious legacy to China's medical treasury.